TensorFlow install command

python3 -m pip install --upgrade https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/mac/cpu/tensorflow-1.9.0-py3-none-any.whl

Writing data to a text file using Python

Programming Language : Python

list =['a','b','c']
myfile = open('sample.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for line in list:
    myfile.write(line)
    myfile.write("\n")
myfile.close()

Writing data on a EXCEL Sheet (Using Python)

import xlsxwriter
   
    # Create a Pandas Excel writer using XlsxWriter as the engine.
writer = pd.ExcelWriter('spam.xlsx', engine='xlsxwriter',   options={'encoding':'utf-8'})

# Convert the dataframe to an XlsxWriter Excel object.
list.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1',encoding='utf-8')
writer.save()
print("done")

2D transformation On computer graphics implemented using c++

Read Me:
For run this code you must install GLUT in your system
Installation Guide : GLUT Install



Source Code: implemented using C++ and GLUT


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
#define PI 3.14159265
using namespace std;
int x1,y1,x2,y2;
int option,m,n;
double sx,sy,x[100],y[100],x_t[100],y_t[100];
int Round(double xx)
{
    return (floor(xx+0.5));
}


void drowAxis()
{
    glBegin(GL_POINTS);
    for(int i=-440; i<=480; i++)
    {
        glVertex2d(0,i);
    }
    for(int i=-520; i<=640; i++)
    {
        glVertex2d(i,0);
    }
    glEnd();
    glFlush();
}

void init()
{
    glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0,0);
    glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
    gluOrtho2D(-520,640,-440,480);
}

void line_draw(int x1, int y1,int x2,int y2)
{
    glBegin(GL_LINES);
    glVertex2i(x1,y1);
    glVertex2i(x2,y2);
    glEnd();
    glFlush();
}

void shape()
{
    if(option!=5)
    {
        printf("Choose the shape you want -- \n");
        printf("      Choose 1 for triangle\n");
        printf("      Choose 2 for square\n");
        while(true)
        {
            scanf("%d",&n);
            if(n==1 || n==2)
            {
                break;
            }
            printf("choose 1 or 2\n");
        }
    }
    if(n==1)
    {
        m=3;
        printf("Enter the co-ordinate of the triangle\n");
        for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
        {
            scanf("%lf %lf",&x[i],&y[i]);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        m=4;
        printf("Enter the origin of square\n");
        int temp1,temp2;
        scanf("%d %d",&temp1,&temp2);
        x[0]=temp1;
        y[0]=temp2;

        x[1]=temp1;
        y[1]=temp2+50;

        x[2]=temp1+50;
        y[2]=temp2+50;

        x[3]=temp1+50;
        y[3]=temp2;
    }

}

void translation()
{

    printf("Enter the translation factor tx and ty\n");
    int tx,ty;
    scanf("%d %d",&tx,&ty);
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        x_t[i] = tx + x[i];
        y_t[i] = ty + y[i];/// translation
    }
}

void rotation()
{
    printf("Choose any option of Rotation\n");
    printf("      1- Rotation about the Origin\n");
    printf("      2- Rotation about an Arbitrary Point\n");
    int choosed,pointx=0,pointy=0;
    double angle;
    while(true)
    {
        scanf("%d",&choosed);
        if(choosed==1 || choosed == 2)
        {
            break;
        }
        printf("Enter a valid choose\n");
    }
    if(choosed==2)
    {
        printf("Enter the arbitrary point\n");
        scanf("%d %d",&pointx, &pointy);
    }
    printf("Enter the Angle for Rotation\n");
    scanf("%lf",&angle);
    angle =  (PI / 180)*angle;
    double tempx[100],tempy[100];
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        tempx[i] = x[i]-pointx;
        tempy[i] = y[i]-pointy;
    }

    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        x_t[i] = tempx[i]* cos(angle) - tempy[i] * sin(angle);
        y_t[i] = tempx[i]* sin(angle) + tempy[i] * cos(angle);
    }
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        x_t[i] = x_t[i]+pointx;
        y_t[i] = y_t[i]+pointy;
    }
}

void mirror_reflection()
{
    printf("Choose any option of Reflection\n");
    printf("      1- Reflection about the x axis\n");
    printf("      2- Reflection about the y axis\n");
    printf("      3- Reflection about a Line\n");
    int choosed;
    while(true)
    {
        scanf("%d",&choosed);
        if(choosed==1 || choosed == 2|| choosed==3)
        {
            break;
        }
        printf("Enter a valid choose\n");
    }

    if(choosed==1)
    {
        printf("Reflection about the x axis\n");
        for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
        {
            x_t[i] = x[i];
            y_t[i] = y[i]*-1;
        }
    }
    else if(choosed==2)
    {
        printf("Reflection about the y axis\n");
        for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
        {
            x_t[i] = x[i]*-1;
            y_t[i] = y[i];
        }
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Reflection about a Line\n");
        scanf("Enter the start and end points of the line\n");

        scanf("%d %d %d %d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);

        if(x2==x1)
        {
            for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
            {
                x_t[i] = -1*x[i]+x2+x2;
                y_t[i] = y[i];
            }
        }
        else if(y2==y1)
        {
            for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
            {
                x_t[i] =  x[i];
                y_t[i] = -1*y[i]+y2+y2;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            double m_ = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1);
            double b = y1-m*x1;
            for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
            {
                x_t[i] = ((1-(m_*m_))/(m_*m_+1))*x[i] + (2*m_*y[i])/(m_*m_+1) - (2*b*m_)/(m_*m_+1);
                y_t[i] =  (2*m_*x[i])/(m_*m_+1) + ((m_*m_-1)*y[i])/(m_*m_+1) + (2*b)/(m_*m_+1);
            }

        }

    }
}
void scaling()
{
    printf("Choose any option of Scaling\n");
    printf("      1- Scaling about the Origin\n");
    printf("      2- Scaling about a arbitrary point\n");

    int choosed,pointx=0,pointy=0;
    while(true)
    {
        scanf("%d",&choosed);
        if(choosed==1 || choosed == 2)
        {
            break;
        }
        printf("Enter a valid choose\n");
    }
    if(choosed==2)
    {
        printf("Enter the arbitrary point\n");
        scanf("%d %d",&pointx, &pointy);
    }
    printf("Enter the Scaling factor sx and sy\n");
    double sx,sy;
    scanf("%lf %lf",&sx,&sy);
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        x_t[i]= sx * x[i] - sx * pointx + pointx;
        y_t[i]= sy * y[i] - sy * pointy + pointx;
    }
}
void shearing()
{
    printf("Enter the Scaling factor sx and sy\n");
    double sh,sk;
    double tempx[100],tempy[100];
    scanf("%lf %lf",&sh,&sk);
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        tempx[i] = x[i]-x[0];
        tempy[i] = y[i]-y[0];
    }
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        x_t[i] = tempx[i] + sh *  tempy[i];
        y_t[i] = tempy[i] + sk *  tempx[i];/// translation
    }
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        x_t[i] = x_t[i]+x[0];
        y_t[i] = y_t[i]+y[0];
    }
}
void funct()
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    drowAxis();
    line_draw(x1,y1,x2,y2);
    glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
    for(int i=0; i<m-1; i++)
    {
        line_draw(round(x[i]), round(y[i]), round(x[i+1]), round(y[i+1]));
    }
    line_draw(round(x[0]), round(y[0]), round(x[m-1]), round(y[m-1]));
    glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
    for(int i=0; i<m-1; i++)
    {
        line_draw(round(x_t[i]), round(y_t[i]), round(x_t[i+1]), round(y_t[i+1]));
    }
    line_draw(round(x_t[0]), round(y_t[0]), round(x_t[m-1]), round(y_t[m-1]));

}
int main(int argc,char ** argv)
{
    /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
    printf("    @@@ 2D Transformation @@@\n");
    printf("Choose The value for transformation\n");
    printf("      1 - for Translation\n");
    printf("      2 - for Rotation\n");
    printf("      3 - for Reflection\n");
    printf("      4 - for Scaling\n");
    printf("      5 - for Shearing\n");
    while(true)
    {
        scanf("%d",&option);
        if(option<0 || option>5)
        {
            printf("Enter a value between 1 to 5\n");
            continue;
        }
        break;
    }
    if(option == 1)
    {
        shape();
        translation();
    }
    else if(option ==2)
    {
        shape();
        rotation();
    }
    else if(option==3)
    {
        shape();
        mirror_reflection();
    }
    else if(option==4)
    {
        shape();
        scaling();
    }
    else if(option==5)
    {
        shape();
        shearing();
    }

    glutInit(&argc,argv);

    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
    glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
    glutInitWindowSize(640,480);
    glutCreateWindow("Translation");
    init();
    glutDisplayFunc(funct);
    glutMainLoop();
}

Difference between Logistic regression and Neural networks

   

1.     1. Usually people use gradient descent in logistic regression to minimize the cost function and on each iteration better values to fit their data. But in Neural Networks you have a different (but not that different) way, we use back propagation to find the parameters (or weights) to our inputs.

2.     2. Simple logistic regression is not appropriate for large complex system (too many feature) but neural networks are much better for a complex nonlinear hypothesis even when feature space is huge. 

Cohent Sadalend Line clipping algorithm(Opengl) implementation using c++

Read Me:
For run this code you must install GLUT in your system
Installation Guide : GLUT Install

Algorithm:Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping

Source code :

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <bitset>

using namespace std;

int wx1,wx2,wy1,wy2,line_no;
struct points
{
    int x_start;
    int y_start;
    int x_end;
    int y_end;
    int visible;
};
points line_arr[100];
void bit_generate(int a)
{
     bitset<4>binary(a);
     cout << binary << endl;
}
int visible_test(int x,int y)
{
    int res=0;
    if(x < wx1)
    {
        res+=1;
    }
    if(x > wx2)
    {
        res+=2;
    }
    if(y < wy1)
    {
        res+=4;
    }
    if(y > wy2)
    {
        res+=8;
    }
    return res;
}
 /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */

int Round(double x)
{
    return (floor(x+0.5));
}
void dda(double x_start, double y_start, double x_end,double y_end)
{
    double dx=(x_end-x_start);
    double dy=(y_end-y_start);
    double steps;
    float xInc,yInc,x_=x_start,y_=y_start;

    /* Find out whether to increment x or y */
    steps= max(abs(dx),abs(dy));

    xInc=dx/(float)steps;
    yInc=dy/(float)steps;



    /* Plot the first point */
    glBegin(GL_POINTS);
    glVertex2d(x_,y_);
    glEnd();
    glFlush();
    int k;

    /* For every step, find an intermediate vertex */

    for(k=0; k<steps; k++)
    {
        x_+=xInc;
        y_+=yInc;
        /* printf("%0.6lf %0.6lf\n",floor(x), floor(y)); */
        glBegin(GL_POINTS);
        glVertex2d(Round(x_), Round(y_));
        glEnd();
        glFlush();
    }
}
 /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
void dda1(double x_start, double y_start, double x_end,double y_end)
{
    double dx=(x_end-x_start);
    double dy=(y_end-y_start);
    double steps;
    float xInc,yInc,x_=x_start,y_=y_start;

    /* Find out whether to increment x or y */
    steps= max(abs(dx),abs(dy));

    xInc=dx/(float)steps;
    yInc=dy/(float)steps;



    /* Plot the first point */

    int k;

    /* For every step, find an intermediate vertex */

    for(k=0; k<steps; k++)
    {

        /* printf("%0.6lf %0.6lf\n",floor(x), floor(y)); */
        int xx = round(x_);
        int yy = round(y_);
        int a = visible_test(xx,yy);
        if(a != 0)
        {
            glBegin(GL_POINTS);
            glVertex2d(xx, yy);
            glEnd();
            glFlush();
        }
        x_+=xInc;
        y_+=yInc;
    }
}
 /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
void init()
{
    glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0,0);
    glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
    gluOrtho2D(-520,640,-440,480);
}

void input()
{
    printf("Enter the window co-ordinate x_min and y_min\n");
    scanf("%d %d",&wx1,&wy1);
    printf("Enter the window co-ordinate x_max and y_max\n");
    while(true)
    {
        scanf("%d %d",&wx2,&wy2);
        if(wx1>=wx2 || wy1>=wy2)
        {
            printf("Enter valid end points\n");
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }
 /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
    printf("How many line\n");
    scanf("%d",&line_no);
    printf("x1 y1 x2 y2\n");
    for(int i=0; i<line_no; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d %d",&line_arr[i].x_start, &line_arr[i].y_start);

        int a = visible_test(line_arr[i].x_start,line_arr[i].y_start);
         bit_generate(a);
        scanf("%d %d",&line_arr[i].x_end, &line_arr[i].y_end);

        int b = visible_test(line_arr[i].x_end,line_arr[i].y_end);
        bit_generate(b);
        int p = a&b;
        if(a==0 && b==0)
        {
            line_arr[i].visible = 2;///completely inside
        }
        else if(p==0)
        {
            line_arr[i].visible = 1;///clipping candidate
        }
        else
        {
            line_arr[i].visible = 0;///completely outside
        }
    }
}
void line_clip()
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    dda(wx1,wy1,wx1,wy2);
    dda(wx1,wy2,wx2,wy2);
    dda(wx2,wy2,wx2,wy1);
    dda(wx2,wy1,wx1,wy1);


    for(int i=0; i<line_no; i++)
    {
        if(line_arr[i].visible==0)
        {
            glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);///set red color which is completely outside
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));

            dda(line_arr[i].x_start,line_arr[i].y_start,line_arr[i].x_end,line_arr[i].y_end); /// line drawing Algorithm

        }
        else  if(line_arr[i].visible==1)
        {
            glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);/// set blue color for clipping candidate
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));

            dda(line_arr[i].x_start,line_arr[i].y_start,line_arr[i].x_end,line_arr[i].y_end);

        }
        else
        {
            glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));

            dda(line_arr[i].x_start,line_arr[i].y_start,line_arr[i].x_end,line_arr[i].y_end);

        }
    }
 /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */

    for(int i=0; i<line_no; i++)
    {
        if(line_arr[i].visible==0)///completely outside line
        {
            glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);///set white color
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));///sleep for 1 sec

            dda(line_arr[i].x_start,line_arr[i].y_start,line_arr[i].x_end,line_arr[i].y_end);

        }
    }

    for(int i=0; i<line_no; i++)
    {
        if(line_arr[i].visible==1)/// clipping candidate
        {
            glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);///set white color
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));
            dda1(line_arr[i].x_start,line_arr[i].y_start,line_arr[i].x_end,line_arr[i].y_end);
        }
    }
   glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);///set default black color

}

int main(int argc,char ** argv)
{
    /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
    input();
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
    glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
    glutInitWindowSize(640,480);
    glutCreateWindow("Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping");
    init();
    glutDisplayFunc(line_clip);
    glutMainLoop();
     /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
}

UVA 417 - Word Index c++ implementation

Problem Type: map (Java TreeMap)
Problem Link: https://uva.onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=8&page=show_problem&category=24&problem=358&mosmsg=Submission+received+with+ID+20216008

Source code :

 /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
unordered_map<string,int>mp;
void load()
{
    queue<string> q;
    string s = "";
    int cou =1;
    for(int i=97; i<=122; i++)
    {
        char c = i;
        s+=c;
        mp[s]=cou;
        q.push(s);
        cou ++;
        s="";
    }
    while(!q.empty())
    {
        string s = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i=97; i<=122; i++)
        {
            char c = i;
            int len = s.length();
            if(s[len-1]<c)
            {
                string m = s+c;
                if(m.length()>5)
                    break;
                mp[m]=cou;
                q.push(m);
                cou ++;
            }
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
 /***
    Tarequzzaman Khan
    CSE'12
    2012331514
    */
    load();
    string s ;
    while(cin >>s)
    {
     cout << mp[s] << endl;
    }
}